THE TRANSITION TO A PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A FUTURE CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM

Abstract

This paper addresses the urgent need for constitutional reform in Romania, with a specific emphasis on the potential transition from a semi-presidential to a fully presidential system. The study provides a critical examination of the 2003 constitutional revision and its limited success in resolving systemic ambiguities. Despite its goal to prepare Romania for EU and NATO integration, the 2003 reform failed to eliminate legal inconsistencies and institutional conflicts, particularly regarding the balance of power between the President and the Prime Minister. Drawing from post-2003 political and constitutional developments, this research analyzes structural dysfunctions such as executive-legislative deadlocks, overlapping roles, and interpretative disputes that continue to hinder political stability. Methodologically, the paper adopts a qualitative approach, incorporating case analysis of constitutional crises, legislative proposals, and decisions of the Constitutional Court. The results indicate that the current hybrid model has led to repeated institutional blockages and public dissatisfaction, fueled by power struggles and legal uncertainties. The paper suggests that a presidential system—based on examples such as the United States—could ensure clearer executive authority, enhance government accountability, and reduce the risk of cohabitation conflicts. The implications of such a transition are relevant for policymakers, legal scholars, and public administration specialists, especially in the context of Romania’s ongoing democratic consolidation. The study brings value by providing a systematic legal and political analysis of the Romanian constitutional framework, highlighting the necessity of a well-designed constitutional overhaul. This research contributes to the broader debate on modern governance, offering a forward-looking perspective rooted in institutional clarity, separation of powers, and democratic resilience.