Smart Cities International Conference (SCIC) Proceedings
The Proceedings of the Smart Cities International Conference (SCIC) - ISSN: 2972-1032, ISSN-L: 2501-1677, are edited and published by Pro Universitaria Publishing House. Accredited by the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas, and University Certificates (CNATDCU) in the field of Social Sciences, and by the National Council of Scientific Research (CNCS) in the field of Humanities, Pro Universitaria is our main partener in helping us deliver the key ideas and spreading knoledge around the most important actors on the governance sphere. The conference is an early event dedicated to open, inclusive, formal and informal dialogue on Smart Cities issues among all interested stakeholders. It was built from the organizers’ desire to put into an academic debate different aspects of Romanian cities’ life, but also of the cities outside the country’s borders, through multidisciplinary scientific approaches that will talk about the past, present and future, starting from: acceptance of democracy as the most efficient tool of governance and also acceptance and compliance with the state’s rules.
Cities at crossroads of sustainable transitions
Objectives. The study aims to elucidate how cities contribute to shaping urban sustainability transitions fopr urban social growth. Prior work. Cities are dealing with urban sustainability transitions bridging theory of urban sustainability and practices that make wealthy urban spaces meeting the needs of urban communities without compromising the wealth of future generations. Sustainability transitions rely on responsible urban communities that develop conditions for making cities sustainable communities. Approach. The study is following a qualitative approach and framework, by identifying views and choices that cities are embracing in order to encourage responsible behaviors and actions that enable urban transformation. Results. Cities are playing a leading role for sustainable urban development enabling citizens as responsible actors in decision making that benefit urban communities. Implications. As agents of social change, cities should intentionally design and implement policies that contribute to social urban transformation and make healthy urban spaces within urban communities. Value. The sustainable future of urban communities relies on cities which are committed to promoting citizen behaviours for making healthy and environment-friendly urban spaces. Cities are always going in transition to develop itineraries for urban sustainability making and planning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mauro ROMANELLI, Antonella ROMANELLI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The next level of the urban innovation: from the 15 minute city to the synergic smart city
Colombian urban planner Carlos Moreno, who first introduced the concept of the "15-minute city", brought a new vision and perception to the metropolis of the last decade, realigning the urban experience to ensure that every essential service is accessible within a short walk or a bike ride. This concept encouraged a sustainable lifestyle, reducing dependence on cars and promoting the principles of smart mobility. The concept emphasizes the importance of creating human-centered cities where residents' well-being and convenience are paramount, supporting ecological sustainability by reducing pollution and promoting greener urban spaces. Implementing this concept in metropolises such as Paris, Melbourne, Milan, Bogotá, Portland, and Shanghai posed several challenges, thus announcing, 10 years later, the next stage of urban innovation: "Synergic Smart City". This new paradigm, which combines advanced technologies with a holistic design philosophy based on sustainable development and infrastructure, aims to create cities that are not only intelligent but also deeply adapted to the rhythms of human life. The ultimate goal is to recreate urban environments where technology and humanity coexist harmoniously, enhancing everyday life through seamless integration. This article presents how the transition from the 15-minute City to the Synergic Smart City is achieved through innovative strategies that introduce and explain new concepts such as Predictive Urbanism, which uses artificial intelligence and big data to anticipate and respond to the evolving needs of residents, and sustainable infrastructures are powered by renewable energies and form the backbone of these cities. Autonomous mobility and smart resource management ensure efficiency, while collaborative digital platforms create a framework for citizens to actively participate in their urban experience. The key message of this article is that the adoption of this innovative synergistic smart city model represents a shift towards sustainable urbanism, highlighting the transformative power of technology in synergy with the essence of human experience, thus proposing a prototype of cities that are not only smart but also deeply human.
synergic smart city model using advanced tehncologies
Copyright (c) 2025 Ioana PETCU, IONUȚ PETRE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Educational Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of AI-Driven Smart Cities
Objectives: This paper aims to identify and analyze the most significant challenges and opportunities of the educational processes in smart cities, from both the perspective of providers and beneficiaries. Prior work: Currently, there is an increased interest in achieving results in a very short time, a trend that also affects the knowledge acquisition and delivery. This has led to the emergence of numerous platforms offering courses in various fields, often with exaggerated promises. On the other hand, traditional education systems are generally more rigid, requiring long-term effort and determination. The highly dynamic life in smart cities, along with social, technological, and economic changes, has created new individual expectations and a constant need for adaptation. Naturally, these changes are also reflected in the educational process. Approach: Based on existing literature, this paper aims to identify and propose solutions for solving these challenges and exploiting the opportunities, focusing on integrating the latest and most efficient technologies, but only to the extent that they bring real benefits to the citizens of smart cities. Results: As a result, there are numerous challenges for institutions and organizations that provide education in a formal setting, requiring continuous adaptation to meet the expectations of both beneficiaries and the market (curriculum, teaching style, interaction methods, etc.). Implications: The numerous and diverse technologies used in smart cities need to be understood and utilized effectively to contribute to the goal of a better quality of life for citizens, in a cleaner and safer environment. This requires educational adaptation by providers to meet beneficiary and market expectations. Value: The value lies in the paper's focus on integrating the latest and most efficient technologies, but only to the extent that they bring real benefits to the citizens of smart cities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Laura-Diana RADU, Daniela POPESCU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Adversarial AI attack detection: a novel approach using explainable AI and deception mechanisms
Detecting adversarial AI attacks has emerged as a critical issue since AI systems are becoming integral across all industries, from healthcare to finance and even transportation. Adversarial attacks stand on the fact that there exist weaknesses within machine learning and deep learning models, which they exploit on the grounds of their potential to cause serious disruptions and severe threats towards the integrity of AI operational procedures. In this light, the discussion will focus on developing robust mechanisms for detecting adversarial inputs in real-time to ensure that AI systems remain resilient against such sophisticated threats. While adversarial AI — software input sanitization, anomaly detection, and adversarial training — has some important foundational work, most approaches to them suffer from generalization challenges across attack types or real-time performance. This work will introduce novelty by extending the detection capabilities with explainable AI (XAI) and deception mechanisms. Adversarial activities will be detected based on adversarial training in combination with honeypots and digital twins, while keeping the process of detection transparent with XAI. While honeypots and digital twins decoy attackers, observing their behaviors can further strengthen detection methods. The results so-far promise tremendous improvements in the detection of adversarial attacks in high-risk AI applications, efficacy of honeypots for the capture of malicious behavior, and XAI for enhanced interpretability and reliability of the detection process. These techniques will enhance the robustness of AI systems against adversarial threats. Presented research contributes significantly by providing practical tools for cybersecurity professionals and AI practitioners against these attacks, thus offering new insights into AI for cybersecurity. The novelty value of the paper is the innovative integration of adversarial training, XAI, and deception techniques, which offers a combined, interpretable, and effective method toward the detection of adversarial AI attacks on cross-industry sectors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria NICULAE, Georgios KALPAKTSOGLOU, Anastasia TSIOTA, Giorgio BERNARDINETTI, Zacharenia LEKKA, Nikolaos Sachpelidis BROZOS, Panagiotis Radoglou GRAMMATIKIS, Ignacio LACALLE, Dionysios XENAKIS, Christos XENAKIS, Athanasia SABAZIOTI, Aristeidis FARAO, Mari-Anais SACHIAN, Vlad STANESCU, George SUCIU, Stylianos KARAGIANNIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring the impact of the AI classroom on students’ analytical and creative skills
Objectives: This text proposes a preliminary examination of the envisaged effects of AI teaching technology on student skill development. Prior work: The paper reviews the limited theoretical and empirical literature in the field, assessing limitations and possible future research trends. Approach: The current study employs a literature review method. Results: The outcomes of the review reveal research gaps, inconclusive empirical evidence and research trends. Implications: The expected implications of the investigation are theoretical, and future research avenues will be revealed. Value: The literature concerning AI teaching solutions is limited, and new insights that are still being developed can add value to the extant body of work.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elena DINU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
An assessment of advanced digital government readiness and related ethical concerns in Romania in the EU digital decade. From missed opportunities to silver linings
Objectives This paper attempts to take stock of the realities of digital government in Romania, its ethical considerations in the context of the EU Digital Decade and identify possible remedies..Prior work The current investigation builds on the premises of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and links the theoretical and empirical research in the field with the contemporary developments of public management. Approach The paper bridges the theoretical and empirical research in the field of e-government with a comparative analysis of successful e-government services to reveal the best avenues for e-government development in Romania. Results This study presents theoretical and practical insights supporting the implementation of valuable and appropriate e-government solutions in Romania. Implications Given the objectives of the inquiry, its implications will primarily concern public management practice and Value This exploration provides a novel perspective on the existing challenges and solutions in digital government based on an overarching scientific analysis of up-to-date information and data.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elena DINU, Cristian-Mihai VIDU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The cyber crime ecosystem: Challenges and solutions for smart technology
The rising of smart technology increases the appearing of new vulnerabilities, consequently turning smart devices into a soft target by cybercriminals. While rapid proliferation has brought efficiency, smart technology has also introduced significant vulnerabilities to cybercrime. This paper will review the vulnerabilities and challenges of cybercrime within the ecosystem of smart technologies from two dimensions: analytical and user-related. The scope of this paper is to highlight main risks within smart technologies while pointing solutions for making such technologies secure and resilient, because the cybercrime groups take advantage of vulnerabilities of IoT devices. As solutions, states need a secure network infrastructure and data encryption, and a real-time threat monitoring system. The current paper fills in the gaps in previous foundational works on cybersecurity ecosystems and extends the ideas into the evolving landscape of smart technologies. A comprehensive understanding of the cyber-crime ecosystem is pieced together in the paper, using mixed-methods approach: a systematic review of existing literature and examples of how cybercriminals can target smart technologies. In this paper will be presented examples of the adaptation strategies of cybercriminals who, by exploiting gaps, have managed to develop elaborate attack vectors. Proposed solutions include creating a culture of cybersecurity awareness among citizens. Results provide a foundation for researchers who might want to extend the areas where the contexts of cybercrime and emergent technologies meet. The contribution in this paper is original, framing cybercrime within an interconnected and fast-evolving smart technology landscape. This study has underlined the requirement of realizing that such challenges need to be secure in the future of smart technology and its users worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Claudia-Alecsandra GABRIAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Articolul realizează o scurtă analiză a zonei rutiere, definind acest termen prin intermediul noțiunii de limită care, privită din altă perspectivă, se poate transforma într-un prag - concept foarte important în înțelegerea relației dintre drum și localitățile din jurul său -, afirmându-se, astfel, caracterul dual al drumului și face o trecere în revistă a evoluției infrastructurii și dotărilor rutiere, de la traseele (comerciale) vechi la rețelele contemporane de drumuri de mare viteză, concentrându-se pe investigarea spațiilor de servicii, cu scopul de a arăta faptul că drumurile, prin dotările acestora (sau absența lor) pot acționa fie ca elemente ce separă diferite medii (urban – rural) și fragmentează peisajul, fie ca elemente ce facilitează legăturile, interacțiunea între urban – drumul - și rural – localitățile pe care le traversează – și dezvoltarea locală printr-o raportare echitabilă la context. De asemenea, este explorat potențialul conceptului japonez de stații rutiere de servicii – michinoeki -, ca model de transformare a actualelor (non)spații rutiere de servicii, din simple puncte de oprire temporară în centre multifuncționale - și chiar poli de dezvoltare - relevante la nivel local, capabile să influențeze pozitiv percepția, ambianța și relațiile dintre infrastructură, șofer și peisajul înconjurător – profunzimile teritoriului -, sprijinind economia locală și cultura regională – prin sinteza și integrarea specificului local - și subliniindu-se astfel importanța unei abordări integrate pentru revitalizarea și dezvoltarea sustenabilă a zonelor preponderent rurale. Studiul poate fi relevant pentru arhitecți, urbaniști și autorități, deoarece oferă o altfel de perspectivă asupra planificării și dezvoltării infrastructurii rutiere și propune, prin redefinirea spațiilor rutiere de servicii, o soluție practică, viabilă și aplicabilă la scară largă pentru a transforma drumurile – în special cele de mare viteză -, din bariere pasive în elemente permeabile care participă în mod real și activ la rezolvarea problemelor, dezvoltarea pe o multitudine de planuri și coeziunea socială a mediului rural traversat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mihai - Cristian - Gabriel MIRON https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The article carries out a brief analysis of the road area, defining this term through the notion of limit which, seen from another perspective, can turn into a threshold - a very important concept in understanding the relationship between the road and the localities around it -, asserting, thus, the dual nature of the road and reviews the evolution of infrastructure and road facilities, from old (commercial) routes to contemporary high-speed road networks, focusing on the investigation of service spaces, with the aim of showing the fact that roads, through their endowments (or their absence) can act either as elements that separate different environments (urban - rural) and fragment the landscape, or as elements that facilitate connections, the interaction between urban - the road - and rural - the localities they cross - and local development through a fair reporting to the context. Also, the potential of the Japanese concept of road service stations - michinoeki - is explored, as a model for the transformation of current (non)road service spaces, from simple temporary stopping points into multifunctional centers - and even development poles - relevant at the local level, able to positively influence the perception, ambience and relationships between the infrastructure, the driver and the surrounding landscape - the depths of the territory -, supporting the local economy and regional culture - through the synthesis and integration of the local specificity - and thus emphasizing the importance of an integrated approach for the revitalization and sustainable development of predominantly rural areas. The study may be relevant to architects, urban planners and authorities, as it offers a different perspective on road infrastructure planning and development and proposes, by redefining road service spaces, a practical, viable and widely applicable solution to transform roads – especially the high-speed ones -, from passive barriers to permeable elements that participate in a real and active way in solving problems, development on a multitude of levels and social cohesion of the rural environment crossed.
Integrating NVIDIA AI Microservices with the Eclipse Arrowhead framework for smart city applications
In order to provide a solid, scalable solution for edge AI applications suited to smart city projects, this article suggests an architecture that combines NVIDIA AI Microservices with the Eclipse Arrowhead Framework. The integration addresses the demand for smooth, real-time AI-powered functions across heterogeneous devices and serves a variety of sectors, including social innovation, urban planning, and e-government. The framework seeks to improve citizen services and optimize urban resource management by utilizing Arrowhead's service-oriented skills and NVIDIA's cutting-edge AI models. As seen by applications like automated systems and industrial IoT, the study expands on developments in cloud-edge integration and service orchestration within the Arrowhead Framework. Few existing frameworks have specifically addressed the integration of high-performance AI microservices for smart city contexts, instead concentrating on general interoperability and dynamic service discovery. By using Docker for containerization, the suggested approach makes it possible to deploy AI services in a secure and scalable manner. While Arrowhead manages service registration, discovery, and secure communication, NVIDIA AI models take care of activities like data analysis and pattern identification. Workloads are balanced across cloud and edge settings because of the architecture's support for decentralized execution. The successful orchestration of AI microservices for applications such as environmental monitoring and traffic optimization is demonstrated by the preliminary implementation. Through simulated urban scenarios, the system's ability to process data with minimal latency and make dependable decisions across heterogeneous platforms is tested. By providing a model for improving urban infrastructure, this framework can greatly increase the effectiveness of smart city operations for both practitioners and scholars. Additionally, it establishes the framework for incorporating upcoming advancements in AI into public services. To guarantee compatibility, scalability, and security, the study presents a novel method of integrating Arrowhead's orchestration tools with NVIDIA's AI Microservices. The framework provides a creative answer to contemporary urban problems by considering the particular requirements of smart cities.
NVIDIA GPU cloud model integration (NMI)
Copyright (c) 2025 Eduard Cristian POPOVICI, Octavian FRATU, Alexandru VULPE, Razvan CRACIUNESCU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Leveraging NVIDIA AI technologies in the development of REQAPP: a machine learning platform for gathering and defining requirements for smart cities applications
This paper introduces REQAPP, an innovative machine learning (ML)-powered platform utilizing NVIDIA AI technologies, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) chatbots, to optimize the elicitation and definition of software requirements. The platform is designed for smart city applications, including e-government, social innovation, urban planning, and urban development. REQAPP addresses the challenge of accurately gathering and refining user needs, especially for complex public sector projects, by learning and adapting from iterative interactions. The study builds on advancements in requirement engineering and the integration of ML in software development. By leveraging NVIDIA AI frameworks and tools, it extends existing research on adaptive learning systems and interactive AI solutions to meet the unique needs of smart city stakeholders. The development and evaluation of REQAPP are demonstrated through four case studies, each focusing on a distinct application domain, such as online stores, ticket booking systems, resource-sharing platforms, and urban planning tools. Using NVIDIA AI technologies, including RAG chatbots, the platform offers a conversational interface that guides users through the requirements elicitation process while dynamically refining its models based on feedback and context. The results showcase REQAPP’s ability to reduce ambiguity in requirement definitions and improve user engagement. The incorporation of RAG chatbots enhances the system's capacity to provide accurate and context-aware suggestions, accelerating the requirements gathering process and ensuring alignment with stakeholder expectations. REQAPP presents a significant advancement for academics, practitioners, and policymakers involved in smart city projects. This study contributes to the field by introducing an original AI-driven framework that combines state-of-the-art NVIDIA technologies with a machine learning-centric approach. REQAPP’s adaptability and focus on real-world smart city applications make it a valuable tool for future AI-enhanced development processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andra Paula AVASILOAIE, Augustin SEMENESCU, Eduard Cristian POPOVICI, Razvan CRACIUNESCU, Ionut Cosmin CHIVA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
AI-driven decision support for SCRUM team selection in smart city software development projects
Objectives: This study proposes a machine learning-enabled application designed to support project management in selecting optimal SCRUM development teams for smart city software projects. These projects exhibit significant variability in complexity, ranging from localized initiatives to large-scale government-level applications. The solution aims to enhance decision-making by aligning team configurations with project goals, complexity, and resource constraints. Prior work: Building on established SCRUM and SAFe frameworks, the research leverages prior studies analyzing role distribution within development teams across four scenarios. These scenarios range from minimal setups with a single Business Analyst (BA) to complex configurations involving a Product Owner (PO) and a Product Manager (PM). The work addresses the challenges of adapting team roles to diverse project demands, particularly in the context of smart cities. Approach: The research employs a case-study methodology, combining quantitative data from more than 50 professionals across more than 25 companies and qualitative interviews with three experts. A machine learning model incorporates these empirical insights to recommend team structures tailored to project-specific characteristics and historical success metrics. Results: The application accurately identifies the most suitable SCRUM team configurations for diverse project criteria. Validation results indicate improved outcomes, such as reduced development time, enhanced team productivity, and better alignment with stakeholder expectations. Implications: This research provides academics and practitioners with tools to systematically optimize SCRUM team structures. It addresses the unique complexities of smart city projects, offering scalable solutions for various levels of project intricacy. Value: By integrating AI-driven insights with practical SCRUM principles, this study delivers a novel approach to managing smart city software projects. It bridges the gap between theoretical frameworks and the dynamic demands of real-world applications, ensuring scalability and efficiency.
The importance of human resources development in the local public administration - foundation for good governance
The development of human resources in local public administration has a very important correlation with the objectives and principles of good governance. The efficient and effective implementation of local public policies, the provision of quality public services in relation to citizens' needs, the transparency and accountability of local public administrations, equity and inclusion, and active participation are just a few of the principles that depend on human resource development for good governance at the local level. The objective of this study involves an analysis of existing literature and legislation to identify the main concepts and areas impacting good governance through human resource development. The research methodology includes an extensive literature review in the field, employing bibliometric analysis. Additionally, we will use quantitative methods to analyse the fluctuation of the available human resources in local public administration over recent years, as well as the evolution and impact of professional training programmes at the level of roles within local public administration, distinctly focusing on the activities of civil servants. Predictive result indicators will demonstrate how important it is to utilise human resource development methods and practices for effective and sustainable good governance that responds to current needs and fosters trust in local public administration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Răzvan-Ionuț CROITORU, Ana Maria BERCU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Developing e-government under cyber threats and Russia’s war: Ukraine’s Diia platform
Digital democracy used to be an aspiration of the ‘old’ internet culture. Some saw it as an entirely new system, much more participatory and grounded in libertarian values, while others expected an upgraded democracy and a digitalization of public services and government-citizens interactions. A few decades later, democracy has received a digital upgrade, but mostly for public services. One such remarkable achievement is Ukraine’s Diia platform, which launched in 2020 and gained significant public attention in 2023 amidst Russia’s full-scale war of aggression. Ukraine has been a target of Russia’s hybrid warfare since 2014, from covert military attacks, illegal annexations, disinformation campaigns, to cyberattacks. Despite this, Kyiv managed to promote and implement its e-government platform in the middle of Russia’s hybrid war and then full-blown war against the country. Estonia is another relevant example of e-government, having also boosted its efforts for e-government after Russian cyberattacks. This paper analyzes Ukraine’s Diia platform and examines the cybersecurity challenges that the country faces in maintaining e-government services online and secure against the multitude of cyber operations and malware targeting them, either from cybercriminals or state actors. This discussion will begin with a brief literature review focused on e-government and cybersecurity. Ukraine’s case will be taken into consideration alongside Estonia’s example, but the focus will remain on Diia and Ukraine’s cybersecurity policies and practices, including international partnerships. Moreover, the paper puts forward several recommendations derived from Ukraine’s experience, including strenghtening cybersecurity measures for all e-government developments, bolstering international partnerships, and implementing lessons learned from other countries. The findings offer insights for practitioners, policymakers, and scholars focus on digital governance, e-government, and cybersecurity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Claudiu CODREANU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Utilsmart Utilities solution for smart cities
In the last decades, governments from the entire world have implemented various digital solutions to increase public services eficency and transparency. Almost every government around the world now provides e-services to citizens and other stakeholders through websites and mobile applications. Living in the era of rapid digitization, emerging technologies such as Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced decision-making systems are essential for modernizing and streamlining interactions between institutions, citizens and businesses. Together, these technologies contribute to build an interconnected, secure and transparent digital ecosystem capable of transforming administrative and decision-making processes and facilitating a fast and reliable flow of information. One of the most important problems that both public institutions and citizens are facing is related to utilities distribution systems, from optimizing water, energy, gas consumption, or alternative energy sources, to distribution systems maintenance, issues with the network and much more. The aim of this paper is to present a proposal that solves all the previous aspects and put together all the stakeholders in a single solution. The application will consist of multiple components: utilities consumptions, single point of contracting, utilities distribution systems malfunction reporting, bonifications, rating mechanisms (for providers and citizens). The entire solution will be based on multiple technologies like Blockchain, AI, Serious Gaming or modern Decision Support Systems. The value of this proposal is obtained from unifying all the important actors ( citizen, public administration and utilities providers) in one single place.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bogdan Ionut PAHONTU, Diana Andreea ARSENE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Leveraging artificial intelligence for resilient business innovation in smart cities: a framework for sustainable digital transformation
Objectives: This study aims to develop a framework that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) and object-oriented analysis and design principles to drive resilient business innovation within smart city ecosystems. By focusing on the unique demands of urban resilience and sustainable growth, this framework addresses the critical need for adaptive, AI-driven business solutions that support smart governance, enhance public services, and foster sustainable digital transformation across urban environments. Prior Work: Building on existing frameworks in smart city governance, digital transformation, and AI for predictive analytics, this research expands on recent findings from the main journals. Previous studies demonstrate the potential of AI to improve urban planning and decision-making. However, few models systematically apply AI to business intelligence within the smart city context, particularly through object-oriented design, thus leaving a gap in practical, adaptable solutions for real-world smart city needs. Approach: Using a case study methodology, this research examines longitudinal data from digitally transforming cities to observe the impact of AI-driven strategies on business resilience. Results: Findings indicate that AI-enhanced business intelligence can significantly strengthen urban resilience by improving predictive capabilities and adaptive responses in areas such as public administration, resource management, and citizen engagement. Implications: This study offers practical insights for policymakers, urban planners, and business leaders seeking to implement AI in smart city projects. For academics, it provides a foundation for further exploration of AI applications within urban resilience frameworks, supporting interdisciplinary advancements in smart governance and smart economy. Value: This research contributes an innovative AI framework specifically tailored for resilient business applications within smart cities, combining practical insights with academic rigor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sabina-Cristiana NECULA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Giving voice to people living in protected areas. An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Protected areas represent a critical component of conservation efforts globally, serving as safe zones where ecosystems, species, and natural landscapes can be preserved. They play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity by limiting human activities that may disrupt habitats or exploit resources unsustainably. Objectives: Within the framework of the Endangered Landscapes Programme (ELP), a program managed by a team working under the direction of the Executive Director of the Cambridge Conservation Initiative, the current research conducted by Natura 2000 Coalition Romania, seeks to provide a comprehensive idiographic analysis of the lived experiences of individuals residing in a protected area, employing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as the methodological framework. IPA is a systematic qualitative method that examines how people sense their significant life experiences. Approach: The study was conducted on a sample of five participants between 34 and 75 years old. Each participant was interviewed based on a semi-structured interview and their transcripts were further analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis. This method implied analyzing the experiential responses and their meanings line by line, followed by the identification of the emergent themes from the experiential material, focusing on similarities and discrepancies within each case and between all instances. Results: Six themes emerged from the experiential material provided by the participants: profound connection with nature, protected areas’ impact on the community, the importance of ecological education and information, over-tourism, and sustainable development challenges. Based on the “verbatim” content obtained, there could be outlined Implications: We believe that this type of approach provides new insights regarding the real experience of people who live in protected areas, based on first-hand information from people who went through the experience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dan Florin STĂNESCU, Ștefan George KUDOR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Neurourbanism. Enriching urban design process through new tools
Objectives: The "Affective City" campaign, led by Federico De Matteis, underscores the idea that cities are not merely constructed from brick and stone but from affects, moods, atmospheres - those ineffable dimensions that are often overlooked in urban planning. Smart city research remains predominantly focused on technology, with an over-reliance on information and communication tools (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT) and AI-based solutions, often neglecting critical discussions around societal objectives and human-centric priorities. The emerging field of Neurourbanism acknowledged that urban environments significantly influence human existence, mental health and psycho-emotional well-being, providing the field of urbanism with useful design tools from the neuroscience field. This article underlines a human-centred interdisciplinary approach through 386 Resilient Communities Empowered by Collective Intelligence which human values with their discrete dimensions can be infused into urban design processes, by leveraging a wide range of innovative tools specific to neurosciences. By this, enriched urban environments can improve the well-being of all users, in the spirit of an inclusive diversity. Prior work: The research is substantiated on established fields such as neurosciences, neuroaesthetics and already formulated concepts as environmental psychology and affective computing. Interdisciplinary applied research of the authors using affective computing tools is introduced. Approach: A narrative review based on using case studies and good practice examples has been employed, as well as a review of academic research in the field. In addition to this literature review, the first phase of an ongoing neurourbanism study is presented, which aims to use tools from human-computer interaction (HCI) and affective computing area. Results: This paper outlines how neurourbanism can be employed for emotional mapping and urban stress analysis, participatory urban design, monitoring health in cities, inclusivity and accessibility for mental health and for neuroaestethics studies and biophilic urban environments design that confirmed that green spaces in cities have sanative and restorative values. The experiment based on Self Assessment Manikin and EEG measurements confirmed that the perception of an architectural object in a urban context vs. without context is different. Implications: Understanding that architecture and urbanism are not only about form, rules and geometries, but also about human experience in space requires a holistic approach to design in urban planning that need to take advantage of these new available tools. The intersection between AI (big-data access) and Neurosciences offers transformative potential for urban planning with the potential to reinvent the urban planning design process through valuable new tools. Value: The research contributes in an interdisciplinary architecture-psychology-medicine-mathematics manner to the understanding and the opportunities of Neurourbanism in the context of today's design process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andreea ROBU-MOVILĂ, Francoise PAMFIL, Mihaela ZAMFIR, Alexandru BERCEANU, Sergiu NISIOI, Tudor PATAPIEVICI, Sabin Andrei ȚENEA, Mihai-Viorel ZAMFIR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Influența practicii judiciare asupra acțiunilor de inteligențăColectivă în consolidarea rezilienței urbane în contextEuropean: Cazul României
Reziliența urbană este acum o prioritate strategică pentru abordarea provocărilor economice, sociale și de mediu, având în vedere transformările care au avut loc în mediul urban european. Prezenta cercetare vizează examinarea impactului jurisprudenței asupra acțiunilor de inteligență colectivă cu scopul de a îmbunătăți reziliența urbană în România, în context european. Practica judiciară are un rol esențial în crearea reglementărilor care permit colaborarea între instituțiile publice, comunitățile și sectorul privat, facilitând soluții inovatoare, adecvate nevoilor urbane contemporane. Analiza se axează pe influența deciziilor instanțelor din România asupra dezvoltării strategiilor urbane de reziliență, fie direct, fie indirect, prin mecanisme juridice care promovează sustenabilitatea și încurajează participarea comunităților la procesele de luare a deciziilor. Studiul, examinând un eșantion reprezentativ de cazuri, subliniază problemele specifice generate de cadrul legislativ național, precum și oportunitățile oferite pentru implementarea acțiunilor de inteligență colectivă cu impact pozitiv asupra comunităților urbane. Inteligența colectivă este vitală pentru adaptarea orașelor la riscuri majore, cum ar fi schimbările climatice, urbanizarea rapidă și creșterea vulnerabilităților sociale, conform obiectivelor europene. Practica judiciară din România poate contribui la aceste procese prin îmbunătățirea standardelor și crearea unui mediu de colaborare care încurajează soluțiile durabile și incluzive. Lucrarea subliniază importanța sistemului juridic pentru îmbunătățirea rezilienței urbane și evidențiază necesitatea alinierii practicilor judiciare naționale cu directivele europene privind dezvoltarea urbană durabilă. Contribuie prin evidențierea efectelor unei jurisprudențe adaptate asupra îmbunătățirii politicilor urbane și a creșterii rezilienței în comunitățile din România și Europa.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sebastian AVĂCĂRIȚEI, Mihaela TOFAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The influence of judicial practice on intelligence actions in strengthening urban resilience in the context of European: the case of Romania
Urban resilience is now a strategic priority for addressing economic, social, and environmental challenges, considering the transformations that have occurred in the European urban environment. This research aims to examine the impact of jurisprudence on collective intelligence actions to enhance urban resilience in Romania within the European context. Judicial practice plays a crucial role in creating regulations that enable collaboration between public institutions, communities, and the private sector, facilitating innovative solutions tailored to contemporary urban needs. The analysis focuses on the influence of Romanian court decisions on the development of urban resilience strategies, either directly or indirectly, through legal mechanisms that promote sustainability and encourage community participation in decision-making processes. By examining a representative sample of cases, the study highlights specific issues generated by the national legislative framework, as well as opportunities for implementing collective intelligence actions with a positive impact on urban communities. Collective intelligence is vital for adapting cities to major risks such as climate change, rapid urbanization, and increasing social vulnerabilities, in line with European objectives. Judicial practice in Romania can contribute to these processes by improving standards and creating a collaborative environment that fosters sustainable and inclusive solutions.The paper emphasizes the importance of the legal system in enhancing urban resilience and underscores the need to align national judicial practices with European directives on sustainable urban development. It contributes by highlighting the effects of adaptive jurisprudence on improving urban policies and increasing resilience in communities across Romania and Europe.
Innovative concepts of age-friendly residential architectureas a support for ageing in place and in community-from Western models of best practices to solutions for the Romanian space
Objectives: The accentuated trend of population ageing requires a strategic position in terms of diversification of housing and lifestyle options after the age of 65, to support the quality of life and well-being. The paper investigates representative contemporary models of housing developed in the Western space for seniors, which are based on two important concepts, ageing in place and ageing in community and the presentation of some applications in the Romanian space, developed in student projects in the V-VI years of study, coordinated in IMUAU. Prior work: The essential changes in the current preferences of adults who are approaching older age, in terms of residence, are charted: comfort, accessibility and safety (in anticipation of the possible reduction of mobility and the emergence of health problems), downsize of home space, shared facilities for housing and closer social contacts in the neighborhood. The work is based on previous research of the authors in the field of elderly-friendly architecture, with an interdisciplinary architecture-medicine-psychology spectrum, carried out in the last 14 years. Approach: The paper is narrative review, with an interdisciplinary character. Case studies are used: Western best practice models and student projects coordinated in IMUAU. Results: Depending on the level of independence of the users, two categories of residential architecture for seniors have been identified. The options for elderly people who only need low level of care: 1. Accessory dwelling units; 2. Age-restricted communities; 3. Senior apartments; 4. Co-housing; 5. House sharing. The options for the elderly with higher care needs are: 6. Village model; 7. Continuing Care Retirement Communities; 8. Assisted Living Facilities; 9. Group homes; 10. Memory care units; 11. Nursing-homes. The student projects developed in IMUAU addressed real situations from the Romanian space. A number of design trends were identified such as a focus on air quality, biophilic design, pet-friendly homes, access to cultural amenities and preserving community connections. Implications: Residential architecture that includes specific features for older people supports healthy and independent ageing, facilitating the development of sustainable, intergenerational communities. New age-friendly neighborhoods tend to offer varied active living options. Architecture contributes to the development of inclusive environments that combat age segregation and stigma. It is necessary for Romania to align to Western trends and include in new residential developments the perspective 344 Resilient Communities Empowered by Collective Intelligence of age in architecture. Value: The work critically examines the Western housing models for older persons and develops viable perspectives for implementation in the Romanian space.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mihaela ZAMFIR, Ileana CIOBANU, Andreea Georgiana MARIN, Mihai-Viorel ZAMFIR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Precision long-term monitoring of local weather at household level
This research aims to show that there are discrepancies between city-wide weather forecasts and household-level realtime conditions, which can help with disaster preparedness & mitigation, as well as improve the daily lives of residents with access to the data. Prior work: Previous studies have shown that, while weather forecasting systems are constantly increasing their precision and, due to the desire to avoid loss of lives & property, provide ever more frequent warnings for evacuation or sheltering, they still lack the precision necessary to provide forecasts for very small areas. Approach: A case study was conducted, in which a household solution for monitoring outdoor precipitation quantities, atmospheric pressure, humidity & temperature was implemented, with its results stored over a period of approximately 2 years and compared with statistical data for the city for the same interval. Results: The analyzed outcome showed that meteorological conditions at household level don’t always match the citywide forecasts, with significant differences in humidity, temperature & precipitation quantities versus the statistics recorded for the region. Implications: The extra data granularity proved that certain factors appear earlier or can linger for quite a while longer than the regional statistics show, which, if the solution would be applied on a larger scale, would improve issues like disaster response or yearly budgeting by the authorities, especially given the problems raised by climate change worldwide. Value: The results show that the sensors & software monitoring implemented at such granular level can greatly improve the precision of weather forecasting, with Machine Learning models being able to use the historical data to accurately predict the impact of regional weather patterns at household level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ioan Florin VOICU, Dragos Cristian DIACONU, Daniel Constantin DIACONU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Risks and opportunities of smart education
Smart education integrates technology into teaching and learning, which can provide challenges for both students and teachers. The aim of the study is to show the impact of intelligent education on student learning, as well as the effect it has on the teacher’s new way of teaching. The research objectives refer to identifying the risks of technology in education, as well as highlight the opportunities that pupils/students can achieve due to digitalization of education. The study is important because technology has clearly changed the approach to education in recent years. Smart education has evolved significantly in the last five years with the emergence of COVID-19, when schools and universities have had to continue their schooling using technology. The educational system, regardless of the state, has undergone changes in the institutional organization (digital equipment in classrooms) and in the organization of the teaching act (online tutoring, online courses). The study represents an in-depth analysis of a current topic, and the quantitative research is conducted with reference to fields such as sociology, political science, education, geography, psychology, and technology. In conclusion, intelligent education enters education with both risks and opportunities. It requires today's teacher to be multifunctional, both using technology, becoming creative and being a good psychologist. Nowadays, it is a big challenge for a teacher to maintain students' interest in the classroom, as they have had access to the internet from an early age and know more and more things. On the other hand, technology-enhanced learning often integrates interactive elements, which can increase student engagement and motivation. Smart education is not only about the technology used in classrooms, but also about modern teaching-learning methods and adapting teaching projects to the level of the students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana-Maria GROSU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Universal and human-Centered design for accessible smart education
In recent years, the design of educational spaces has taken on a new dimension, evolving from traditional classrooms to environments that not only serve as places of learning but also as inclusive ecosystems. Imagine a school where every child, regardless of ability, feels welcome and supported where each classroom is a space that adapts to the unique needs of its students. Such a vision is not only aspirational but achievable through the thoughtful application of universal and human-centered design principles. These approaches, which prioritize inclusivity and accessibility, aim to transform educational architecture into a foundation for equitable learning experiences. Educational institutions that integrate these principles are not simply improving infrastructure, they are fostering communities where learning is accessible to all. This transformation is particularly vital for students with disabilities, who often face challenges in navigating conventional learning spaces. Here, universal design and human-centered methodologies present a way forward, bridging the gap between architectural form and individual needs, and opening the doors to meaningful engagement for every learner. This study explores the implementation of these inclusive principles within the context of Smart Education, examining the physical and digital accessibility enhancements that result from their integration. Through case studies and insights from educators and architects, this research seeks to illustrate how design can shape resilient and adaptable learning environments, building a pathway toward a more inclusive educational future. By examining these spaces, we see not only buildings but the creation of opportunity and equity, a testament to the power of thoughtful design in fostering accessible learning communities for all.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andreea-Gabriela NISTORESCU (MARINESCU) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The influence of edge computing on the development ofsmart cities
When it comes to understanding the process of integrating technology into our daily lives, we need to know that processing data in a fast and secure way is one of the key factors to build up a smart city. Objectives of the study: to put into perspective how edge computing works and how it can be used in a smart city, reviewing information from publications that discuss how Internet of Things (IoT) can make the digitalization process easier. The paper is important because it summarizes how IoT can be the base of a smart city, putting the emphasis on how important is the process of transmitting and receiving data in a fast and secure way. Prior work: there are a numerous choices of articles that talk about how edge computing can be considered the center of the networking system in a smart city, proving that information theory in the context of passing data is crucial for the future society. Approach: systematic review of literature. Multiple scientific papers will be reviewed to get a proper understanding of the topic, focusing on answering a set of questions defined at the beginning of the study. Implications and value: this review can be a starting point for future research because the questions answered offer a different, more cohesive approach to the influence of the information theory domain on our society. It can also be viewed as a good introduction for engineers and developers on how data transmission is crucial to digitalization of a physical environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexandru CRĂCEA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Developing specialized coursework for smart architecture: A focus on emerging and re-emerging technologies
Discussing smart cities means having an understanding of smart technologies revolving around making the cities more smart, sustainable, economical, and ecological, following that train of thought and understanding those desires and the present problems makes it more important to understand the technologies used in the architecture used around the label that makes cities smart and adhere to the specific characteristics following the change and advancements of the moment. To gain a better understanding of emerging technologies, we need to develop specialized coursework focused on analyzing, comprehending, integrating, and utilizing these advancements in smart architecture. This article will explore how both emerging and re-emerging technologies can be integrated into a smart architectural curriculum. It will highlight the application of each technology, its integration into architectural projects, its role in the development of smart cities, and provide details on the advantages and disadvantages associated with each one. One of the prime examples of re-emerging architectural advancements discussed in this article is Biomimetic Architecture. This approach is inspired by nature, using its designs and resources to solve human problems. While it has faced criticism for creating a perceived distance between humans and nature—suggesting that nature’s solutions are superior to those created by humans—it also represents a blend of natural design and human innovation, Architectural courses will focus on technologies as complex as biomimetic architecture, providing clarity on current advancements.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aida AL HOSNI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Building a smart economy: Training the workforce in multi-source data and AI-enhanced economic analysis
In the new era of economic analysis, the integration of multi-source data—spanning official, open, and private sources—presents unprecedented opportunities to gain nuanced insights into economic indicators. Traditional economic analyses have predominantly relied on singular data sources, limiting the depth of understanding available to policymakers and analysts alike. This paper explores an advanced framework for economic analysis, combining data from national and international organizations, such as the National Institute of Statistics, Eurostat, UN, and World Bank, with supplementary open and private datasets. By leveraging AI-driven methods, we uncover complex relationships across diverse economic factors, enabling more robust, predictive insights for policy and economic planning. Our approach builds upon the "Analysis of Economic and Social Data" postgraduate program, a modular training platform designed to equip professionals in public administration and private sectors with essential analytical skills. The program’s curriculum encompasses data collection, preparation, statistical analysis, and visualization, taught through Excel, Power BI, R, and Python—ensuring graduates gain hands-on expertise in using the most advanced tools in data analysis. The gradual, applied learning structure of this program provides students with the competencies to conduct multi-dimensional economic analyses, moving beyond isolated datasets to a holistic view powered by AI. We demonstrate how this approach transforms economic analysis, enabling practitioners to tackle real-world challenges through comprehensive case studies and projects. This work underscores the potential of a smart economy powered by a workforce proficient in modern data techniques, fostering data-informed decision-making that aligns with contemporary economic and social demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Antoniade-Ciprian ALEXANDRU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Smart governance: a framework for the future
The aim of the research on smart governance is to explore the integration of technology and innovation into government processes to enhance efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement. The study seeks to identify the key components of smart governance and assess the potential of digital technologies to transform public administration. By building on these prior concepts and research, the paper aims to provide a holistic view of smart governance and its potential to transform public administration. It also aligns with the broader discourse on digital transformation and the need for innovative approaches to governance in the digital age. The paper on smart governance is built on several prior concepts, research, and experiences from various fields, including public administration, information technology, and urban development. There are so many articles that provide insights into how digital strategies can be implemented at the local level to enhance governance. This article can offer a comprehensive overview of tools and frameworks for implementing smart governance.The key contribution of this paper lies in its comprehensive analysis of smart governance, integrating both theoretical and practical perspectives. The originality of the study stems from its use of a mixed-methods approach to capture a holistic view of smart governance, making it a valuable resource for understanding how technology can transform public administration and enhance democratic processes. The study's alignment with existing literature and its innovative exploration of new angles make it a valuable addition to the field.The paper's unique contribution lies in its holistic examination of smart governance, integrating theoretical perspectives with practical applications. This dual focus ensures that the research is not only grounded in current academic discourse but also relevant and applicable to contemporary governance challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Claudia-Livia PAU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Bucharest: Engaging with history in a smart city
The objective of this paper is to look at ways in which Bucharest maintains connections with its past through technology. A smart city engages with its audience of all ages in raising awareness to its history. Prior work includes research based on the definition of the smart city as related to the future, as well as to digital knowledge and smart urbanism. The history of a city remains connected to its present identity. The approach relies on social media studies, smart cities definition, and environmental psychology. Digital technology can offer us insight into the way we can connect the past and present identity of Bucharest. Facebook pages and groups about old Bucharest, together with a project of students from the Faculty of Architecture relying on panels and QR codes with information, placed in the areas concerned, about the Uranus-Izvor neighbourhood which is now largely gone, rely on technology to make us aware of the history of our own city. Ceausescu’s building the Palace of Parliament meant demolishing an entire neighbourhood. The Results show that there is a large impact on users of all ages, when social media such as Facebook pages and groups promote historical aspects of everyday life in Bucharest. This is a genuine impact, as we can connect emotionally with people having lived in the past, through their stories. The cultural heritage policy of the European Union is emphasized through these digital practices. Among the Implications, we can see how we do not need to see technology as negative and as stopping us from looking at the world around us and walking in our city, as well as connecting to the other people. The value of the paper consists in showing how technology and history complete each other, in the case of Bucharest.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irina-Ana DROBOT https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Innovative approach for assessment the interactions between inland and aquaculture fishery
The interconnection between inland fisheries and aquaculture is considered as the mean for the assessment of the contribution of aquacultural farms in total fish production of the state. To highlight this contribution the vector autoregression models are given. As the case studies fishery industries are considered for country with access to ocean resources and landlocked country. This approach allows to assess the contribution of aquaculture production in fishery industry of the state. The importance of inland fishery is noted and simultaneously the contribution of aquaculture production in total fishery industry is assessed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aram ARAKELYAN, Gayane GHUKASYAN, Nairuhi JRBASHYAN, Hayk BAGHDASARYAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0